Are you introverted or extroverted?

Quiet breaks down the difference between the two: showing the pros and cons and the evolutionary benefits of both characteristics.

RATING: 3.8/5

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KEY TAKEAWAYS:

• One third to one half of Americans are introverts—in other words, one out of every two or three people you know.

• “There is no such thing as a pure extrovert or a pure introvert. Such a man would be in the lunatic asylum.” -Carl Jung

• The secret to life is to put yourself in the right lighting. For some, it’s a Broadway spotlight; for others, a lamplit desk. Use your natural powers — of persistence, concentration, and insight — to do work you love and work that matters. Solve problems. Make art. Think deeply.

• “Prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet.” -T.S Eliot

• Spend your free time the way you like, not the way you think you’re supposed to.

• Speak with conviction. Even if you believe something only 55%, say it as if you believe it 100%.

• “I am a horse for a single harness, not cut out for tandem or teamwork… for well I know that in order to attain any definite goal, it is imperative that one person do the thinking and the commanding.” -Albert Einstein

• Excessive stimulation seems to impede learning: a recent study found that people learn better after a quiet stroll through the woods than after a noisy walk down a city street.

• Introversion-extroversion is only 40-50% heritable.

• Research has shown that the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a key component of the brain’s dopamine-driven reward system, is larger in extroverts than in introverts. In short, introverts just don’t buzz as easily.

• Extroverts think less and act faster. Introverts are “geared to inspect” and extroverts “geared to respond.”

• Extroverts get better grades than introverts during elementary school, but introverts outperform extroverts in high school and college. At the university level, introversion predicts academic performance better than cognitive ability.

• “Success in investing doesn’t correlate with IQ. Once you have ordinary intelligence, what you need is the temperament to control the urges that get other people into trouble in investing.” -Warren Buffet

• We have two ears and one mouth and we should use them proportionally.

• Stay true to your own nature. If you like to do things in a slow and steady way, don’t let others make you feel as if you have to race. If you enjoy depth, don’t force yourself to seek breadth. If you prefer single-tasking to multi-tasking, stick to your guns. Being relatively unmoved by rewards gives you the incalculable power to go your own way.

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